Cylinder head



Nov. 4, 1958 w. F. BURRows ETAL 2,858,815

- CYLINDER HEAD Filed May 14, 1956. 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 N0V- 4, 1958 W. F. BuRRows ETAL 2,858,815

CYLINDER HEAD Filed May 14, 1956 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS c n 2,858,815 1G@ faena.; No... .4,1955

United StaSfPanf O 2,858,815 CYLINDER HEAD William F. Burrows land Harvey W. Hanners, Springfield, Ohio, assignors to The White Motor, Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application May 14,1956, seriaiN.' 584,623 3 claims. (ci. 12s-41.82,)

8 therein and a flat planar wally in theconfrontingi'face of the cylinder head. In practice, such' structure has been found objectional, since the intense heat of combustion would crack and burn the rim of the cavity and ultimate-` ly destroy the piston.

The foregoing diiculty is avoided in cylin'der heads formed in accordance with the present invention, since the temperature in the combustion cham'ber is sufficiently reduced by the circulation of a coolant thereover to eliminate the deleterious action' of combustion, moreover, the piston contemplated for use with the improved cylinder head may be made in the conventional manner with a at or substantially flat head free fromthin sectionsof metal that crack and flake away.

-One of the objects of the invention is to provide a combustion chamber in a cylinder head for a diesel enginev and a water jacket therefor to effect the dissipation of heat therefrom.

Another object of the invention is to provide a combustion chamber having a circumferential ledge or restricted throat therein to effect a swirling action or turbulence of the fuel injected therein.

Another object of the invention is to provide a piston having a at planar head for use in combination with Athe improved cylinder head and combustion chamber.

A further object of the invention is to provide a heat resisting metal ring in the throat of the combustion chamber in order to exten'd the life of the cylinder head.

Other objects and advantages more or less ancillary to the foregoing, and the manner in which all the various objects are realized, will Vappear in the following description, which considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, sets forth the preferred embodiment of the invention.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. l is a sectional view of the improved cylinder head, the section being taken on a plane indicated by the line 1-1 in Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view thereof, the section being taken on a plane indicated by the line 2 2 in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 isa sectional view of a modified form of the cylinder head, the section being taken' on a plane indicated by the line 3-3 of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view thereof taken on a plane indicated by the line 4--4 in Fig. 3.

Referring first to Figs. l and 2, the cylinder head comprises a prismoidal castin'g 10 having bosses adjacent the corners thereof which are drilled for the reception .of bolts 11 forholding the head in place on the cylinder block` 12".k The lower face of the head is-machined with a shoulder 13 thereon which is piloted in a .counterbore in the top of the cylinder. The cylinder head isfuIfther formed with a concave cavity in the center thereof constituting'the combustion chamber 14. The depth -of the chamber isapproximately one-'half the diameter thereof, and is diametricallyenlarged between thetop and 'boite' tom thereof to'form1a ledge or restrictedthroatlSin its open lower edge. The vvcylinder head -is hollow and formed with aboss v16 in the centrer thereof whichjis bored for the reception of a fuel nozzlelf` designed to protrude slightly into the combustion chamberlfl. 1 The head casting'l10 is cored to define diagonal walls IS-radiat ing from the-boss 16 to the corn'ers of the casting, and these walls are formed withy transverse ducts 19 therein to facilitate the free circulation of acoolant therethrough.` The lower wall ofthe cylinder head is provided with openings 20 aligned with holes `of a similar size in thejwater jacket ingthe cylinder 4blockj12. The cylinderhead is further provided with ajpad'Zl on the upper facethereof for Vthe Vsupport of a fuel nozzle flange 22 which'is retained in'place by ycap screws 23 mounted,intapped-l openingsin the pad -21. Three ofthe sidel wallsofthe casting. lare formed with-internal bosses Zll'vrvllaving open-l ings therein for the removal of the cores, the openings' beingclose'd by pipe plugs 25 threaded therein. The fourth side wall of the head is formed with an external pad 26 drilled and tapped for the reception of the flanged end of a conduit 27 for the discharge of the fluidic coolant circulated through the voids and passageways in the head. 1 In the alternate design, illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the cylinder head is similar in structure to that heretofore described, save only that rings 28, formed of a heat resisting alloy, are cast in place in the throat of the combustion chamber. The cylinder head of this design is also preferably cast of aluminum, and the walls of the head, the cross ribs therein, and the bosses are of a greater width than' the like parts of the cast iron head illustrated in Fig. l. v

The diameter of the throat of the combustion chamber is smaller than the diameter of the cylinder, hence, as the piston ascends, the air and vcommingled fuel injected into the combustion chamber will be highly turbulent and effect complete atomization of the fuel mixture in' the combustion chamber. v

As combustion occurs, the temperature of the walls of the combustion chamber will be sufliciently lowered by the coolant flowing thereover to restrain deterioration of the metal, though not suiciently lowered to impede automatic ignition of the highly compressed fuel mixture.

Although the foregoing description is necessarily of a detailed character, in order that the invention may be completely set forth, it is to be understood that the specie terminology is not intended to be restrictive or coniining, and that various rearrangements of parts and modificationsof detail may be resorted to without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as herein claimed.

What is claimed is: l

l. A diesel engine cylinder head comprising a hollow body embodying top, bottom and side Walls, the bottom wall having a central spheroidal wall therein dening a concave cavity constituting a combustion chamber, an internal flange in said cylinder head integral with said side walls and superjacent said bottom wall, said ilange having a central opening therein, the inner edge thereof being concentric to and spaced from the outer face of the wall of said combustion chamber, a boss in the center of the cylinder head integral with said top wall and theA combustion chamber wall, and concentric with said opening in said flange, said bottom wall of the cylinder head t 3 K l. having coolant openings therein communicating with the void dened'by the outer wall of said combustion chamber,v said boss, said top and side walls, and radial ribs in the cylinder head integral with said top, said side walls of the cylinder head, an'd said flange whereby a coolant entering said openings in saidv bottom wallwill engage the integral walls that define said void Within'the cylinder hea"d Y 2. A diesel engine cylinder head comprising a hollow prismoidal body embodying top, bottom and side walls, said bottomwall having a central spheroidal wall therein dening a concave cavity constituting a combustion chamber, a transverse flange integral with said side walls of the cylinder head above said bottom'wall having acentral openingxthrein Aof a diameter greater than that of thel outer face of the Ywall of said combustion chamber, radial ribs'within the cylinder head integral with said top and side walls and said flange, one of the side walls of the cylinder head having a discharge opening therein, a central bossfintegral with'said top `Wall ,and the wall of said combustion chamber, said boss having a'bore therein for the reception ofa fuel injection nozzle, the opening in `said flange being concentric with and spacedfrom said boss, the bottom wall of said cylinder head having openings therein'communicating with the opening in said ange wherebyv a coolant passing through said openings in said bottom Wallis circulated over the outer face of the wall of the combustion chamber before itis discharged through said dischargeY opening in the side wall of the cylinder head.

.3. A diesel-tenginescylinder head comprisinga'hllow body embodying top, bottom and side walls, a spheroidal wall having a concave cavity therein constituting' a cornbustion chamber, a transverse internal flange in said cylv inder integral with said side walls and parallel with said bottom Wall, said ange having a central opening therein, a boss in the center of the cylinder head integral with said top wall and the wall dening said combustion chamber, said boss being spaced from said opening in said ange, the bottom Wall of the cylinder head having coolant openings therein communicating with said opening in said ange, said cylinder head having a discharge opening in on'e of said side walls superjacent said flange and spaced from said boss so `a coolant admitted into the cylinder head through said lopenings in said bottom wall will flow directly over the entire outer face of the wall of the combustion chamber and directly over the periphery of said boss before egressvthereof through said di'scharge opening.

References Citerll'iri'the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS lEmeleet al. a Nov. l, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS Austria Aug. 10, 1953 VGermany Feb. 15, 1954 Great Britain Aug. 31, 1955 

